Г. Нарбут як апологет сучасного українського графічного дизайну

Abstract

У цій статті здійснюється вивчення ролі Г. Нарбута як апологета сучасного українського графічного дизайну. Проаналізовані ключові поняття дослідження – графіка, плакат, графічний дизайн. Досліджене формування й реалізація творчості Г. Нарбута у мейнстрімі культурно-ціннісної епохи кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століть, яка має узагальнюючу назву модерн. Розглянуті фактори, які спричинили визначальний вплив на творчість Г. Нарбута. Окреслені найбільші досягнення митця на ниві української графіки й мистецтва плаката. Виявлені особливі риси ролі Г. Нарбута для сучасного графічного дизайну України.

In this article studying of a role of G. Narbut as apologist of modern Ukrainian graphic design is carried out. Key concepts of a research – graphics, the poster, graphic design are analyzed. Formation and realization of creativity of G. Narbut in a mainstream of a cultural and valuable era of the end of ХІХ – the beginnings of the XX centuries which has the generalizing name a modernist style is investigated. Factors, which were the reason, defining influence on G. Narbut’s creativity are considered. The biggest achievements of the artist on a field of the Ukrainian graphics and art are allocated to the poster. Special lines of a role of G. Narbut for modern graphic design of Ukraine are revealed. In carrying out a research, the integrated approach caused by need of involvement of a comparative-historical method, which fixes similarity between the cultural phenomena as certificates of community of their origin was used. Application of culturological methodology, which includes sociocultural approach – important for this research as focuses attention on unity of culture and sociality, taking into account scientific achievements of cultural science, ethnography, psychology, history, etc. became necessary. G. Narbut’s creativity is a striking example of a modernist style in art of graphics and poster. The most famous G. Narbut’s work as representative of the Ukrainian graphics is “The Ukrainian alphabet” where the master connected extreme simplicity and refinement of composition, having provided at the same time harmony of a picture and color. “The Ukrainian alphabet” of G. Narbut can still be considered as an unsurpassed model of font art thanks to what the artist deeply understood the principle of that cultural sphere, which we call graphic design now. G. Narbut’s achievements in the sphere of art of the poster are very successful. It is possible to claim that the 1920th years were marked by the new course of development of the Ukrainian graphics – “Narbut’s school”. G. Narbut considered domestic national style through a prism of new development of culturological heritage and tried to connect capacious contents to qualities of the versatile person. Visual language of “narbutovets” became a certain combination of national motives with achievements of futurism, expressionism and cubism. In the whole, G. Narbut put the idea of the embodiment of national images in graphic design. From creative heritage of G. Narbut the modern graphic design could adopt harmony of combination natural and traditional with art and technological. Experience of the outstanding Ukrainian artist of the beginning of last century demonstrates that the design has to not only create subject and spatial forms, but also with their help to influence the attitude of people towards them. The addressing works by G. Narbut teaches contemporaries of expediency of use in graphic design of folk art as the primary source of development as basic values of national and applied creativity become a basis of strategic evolutionary programs of design.