Амбивалентность концепта ДЕНЬГИ в русской языковой картине мира (на материале паремий и экспериментальных данных)

Abstract

В данной статье рассматривается концепт ДЕНЬГИ на материале русских паремий и данных экспериментального анализа: ассоциативного эксперимента и верификации паремий современными носителями русского языка. Характеристика пословиц и поговорок демонстрирует амбивалентность в отношении русских к концепту ДЕНЬГИ. Семантика многих паремий представляет собой сложную цепь оппозиций и взаимоисключающих суждений: деньги – необходимый компонент хорошей жизни / источник забот и проблем; деньги делают человека лучше / деньги могут негативно влиять на моральный облик человека; необходимость быть экономным и бережливым / порицание скупости и жадности; отсутствие денег – не порок, отсутствие денег – лень и глупость и т. д. Ассоциативный эксперимент продемонстрировал, что ответы русскоязычных респондентов характеризуются достаточно большой вариативностью: периферийная зона составила 65%. Реакции русскоязычных испытуемых являются довольно абстрактными, отвлеченными, зачастую носят определенную коннотативную окрашенность: передают положительные или негативные оценки концепта ДЕНЬГИ. Эксперимент на верификацию пословиц и поговорок современными носителями русского языка демонстрирует перемены в ценностных установках общества в процессе исторического и социального развития общества в пользу полной власти денег.

The study of the concept on the material of paremias allows to reveal the specific information contained in the concept, to determine the typical social and cognitive situations and relationships in which this concept functions in various linguistic pictures of the world. The definition of a concept, its structure, means and methods of verbalization, as well as the peculiarities of national and cultural implementation are the object of research in the works of many philosophers, logicians, psychologists and, first of all, linguists. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ambivalence of the concept of MONEY in the composition of paremias and in the linguistic consciousness of Russian speakers. This article explores the concept of MONEY on the basis of Russian paremias and experimental analysis. The analysis of paremias demonstrates the ambivalence of Russians towards the concept of MONEY. The semantics of most paremias is a complex chain of oppositions: money is a necessary component of a good life / a source of worries and problems; money makes a person better / money can negatively affect a person’s moral character; the need to be frugal and thrifty / condemnation of stinginess and greed etc. The associative experiment showed that the answers of the Russian-speaking respondents are characterized by a fairly large variability: the peripheral zone is 65 %. The reactions of Russian-speaking subjects are rather abstract, often have a certain connotative coloration – they convey positive or negative assessments of the concept of MONEY. An experiment to verify paremias by modern Russian speakers demonstrates changes in the value attitudes of society in favor of the complete power of money. The article presents an analysis of the concept from the point of view of synchrony (paremias make it possible to trace the centuries-old perceptions of Russians about money) and in the process of his transformation (experimental data shows how the attitude to the concept of MONEY has changed over time and development of society). Paremiological verbalization of the concept in Russian is a complex chain of oppositions and mutually exclusive statements. Experimental data allow us to conclude that the attitude towards the concept of MONEY of the carriers of Russian picture of the world contains value characteristics that are formed both by the economic situation and the mentality of the nation. Verification of the paremias with the concept of MONEY demonstrates that the attitude to money, as well as their relationship with other values (truth, honesty, faith), has changed in the process of the historical and social development of society. Research prospects are in the further comparative study of the concept of MONEY on the material of other languages. This will make it possible to highlight common and distinct features in semantics, connotations and associations that are associated with the peculiarities of the attitude to this concept of representatives of different linguistic pictures of the world.