Соціально-економічні чинники впливу на міграційні процеси в Україні в умовах воєнного стану

Abstract

Воєнні міграційні процеси в Україні внаслідок повномасштабного вторгосвіта,нення росії в Україну спричинили найбільшу вимушену міграцію в Європі з часів Другої світової війни. Через три роки від початку воєнного конфлікту 10 млн українців досі не можуть повернутися до своїх домівок: майже 4 млн населення України є внутрішньо переміщеними особами, понад 6 млн виїхали за кордон і не лише в Європу. У статті досліджено основні соціально-економічні чинники, що впливають на міграційні процеси серед українців унаслідок війни, спричинені військовим вторгненням.

Military migration processes in Ukraine as a result of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine have caused the largest forced migration in Europe since the Second World War. Three years after the beginning of the military conflict, 10 million Ukrainians are still unable to return to their homes: almost 4 million of Ukraine's population are internally displaced, and more than 6 million have moved abroad, not only to Europe. The article examines the main socio-economic factors that influence migration processes among Ukrainians as a result of the war, caused by the military invasion. The author analyzes the military migration processes of Ukrainians for the period of 2022-2024; the probability of moving to another country during the war. The author identifies 10 reasons for forced displacement, including security threats, housing destruction, job loss, and uncertainty of the future. Drivers and barriers to migration are also analyzed, including financial difficulties, social obligations, and language barriers. Particular attention is paid to the study of internal and external migration trends, as well as the stabilization of the economic situation among Ukrainians. The employment of forced migrants and the regularity of their stay abroad before martial law are analyzed. The data obtained make it possible to study the motivation of citizens when making decisions about moving and the prospects for further migration processes. The article also notes humanitarian studies of the migration crisis, including the problems of access to housing, medical services, education, and the labor market. Considerable attention is paid to the psychological aspects of forced displacement, such as stress, trauma, and uncertainty of the future. The factors that contribute to the return of Ukrainians home, as well as the motivation of those who are considering moving abroad for permanent residence, are analyzed separately. Conclusions are drawn about the trends of migration processes and their impact on the socio-economic situation in Ukraine and on the recipient countries. The results obtained can be used to formulate state policy to support internally displaced persons and migrants, as well as to develop strategies for adaptation and reintegration of the population in the post-war period.