Speech acts of gratitude and apology in semantic and pragmatic aspects

Abstract

The article examines the speech acts of gratitude and apology from the perspective of discursive and pragmatic analysis. Such speech acts are identified as an integral part of interpersonal contact, which normally occurs daily in society and this is the relevance of the research topic. The features of politeness acquire significance in socio-cultural and intercultural aspects. It is established that the incorrect use of expressions of gratitude and apology can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts between speakers of different languages and cultures. Therefore, addressing the semantics and pragmatics of the expressions «thank you» and «excuse me» has not only theoretical but also practical significance. The purpose of the work is to study the semantic nuances and patterns associated with the expression of forms of politeness in English language discourse. The study combines theoretical analysis of existing sources with components of cognitive, pragmatic and linguistic analysis. The gratitude and apology are units carried out in accordance with principles and rules of communication. The communicative maxims underlie clear and effective speech acts. Gratitude (recognition for a service, gift, help) is used to establish social harmony and politeness in relationships; it performs functions: emotional, social, ceremonial, etc. Speech act apology expressing regret or admitting guilt for a situation or action that caused discomfort or harm to another person. The main functions of an apology are responsible and empathetic ones. The speech actions vary according to social norms, rituals, status, gender, etc. They can be expressed in different forms and styles. We see practical significance of the work results in pragmatics, communication and intercultural theory development.